Indeed, archeology provides us with a response in the form of the Karnak stele dedicated by king Ahmose to his mother Queen Ah-hotep : "The one who has performed the rites and cared for Egypt. She watched over its troops and protected them. She recovered its fugitives and collected the deserters. She pacified Upper Egypt and drove out the rebels".
We can thus understand that queen Ah-hotep was at the origin of a compromise between her two sons become enemies. The siege dragged on at Avaris and an epidemic declared in the city threatening the rest of Egypt. It was urgent to find a solution to save the country from disaster. It was therefore agreed that the occupants of Avaris can leave Egypt under the leadership of Kamose inheriting the land of Canaan as the land where originated his grandfather Apophis Aa-user-re (also his incestuous father), while his brother Ahmose ruled Egypt as the legacy of his murdered father king Se-qen-en-re (= Canaan also a son of Aa-user-re Apophis. See the genealogy of Kamose) A military officer, Ahmose son of Ebana, reported on the walls of his tomb in El-Kab, that he fought the enemy on the water at the (second) siege of Avaris by Ahmose and pursued the Hyksos after they have left Egypt, up to taking their last refuge, the fortress of Sharuken. But curiously, he didn't say us who was the ruler of Avaris fought by the troops of king Ahmose in this ultimate conflict.
Now, if Kamose have already taken Avaris, it appears that king Ahmose wanted to take possession of the city occupied by his stepbrother Kamose, by 15 years his senior, who refused to give back to him the sovereignty on Lower Egypt that he had himself recovered by fighting against the Hyksos. Now the occupants of the North were therefore the supporters of Kamose, in rebellion against his brother claiming the throne of Thebes as the inheritance of his murdered father king Seqenenre. This is really told in the mythological tale of "the Conflict between Horus and Seth" where the courthouse of the gods are discussing about this delicate issue : Who must inherit the throne ? the son of the defunct king who is only a frail young man without experience (Horus = Ahmose) or his uncle and also eldest brother by his mother (Seth = Kamose) who is already a strong man and a national hero as defenser of Re.
* We can rightly wonder about the curious greek forms of the names of pharaohs in ancient authors, and especially in Manetho who was a native Egyptian. In this regard, it should be considered at that time in Egypt the current writing was demotic. And one can easily imagine that scribes did not know very well decipher the earlier record books of the temples that were written in hieratic characters.
To know more : - Redford D.B. "Textual sources for the Hyksos period" in Oren E.D. "The Hyksos". Philadelphia, 1997, 1-44.
- Gardiner A.H. " Late Egyptian Stories (BAe I), Bruxelles, 1932, n° VIII.
Flavius Josephe (CA, Book I, 88-90) reports to us the late tradition concerning these events:
"The son of Misphragmouthôsis, Thoummôsis tried to submit them (the inhabitants of Avaris) by a siege and surrounded the city with eighty-four hundred and twenty thousand men. Finally, abandoning the siege, he concluded a treaty according to all of them to leave Egypt and go all safe and sound where they want. According to the conventions, pastors with all their family and their property, the number of two hundred and forty thousands, to say the least, came out of Egypt and through the desert did road to Syria. Fearing the power of the Assyrians, which at that time were masters of Asia, they built in the country now called Judea, a city that could be sufficient to so many thousands of men and called it Jerusalem. "
Here Misphragmouthôsis = Kamose (aka Menes) who later became Tuthmose I. Thoummosis = Ahmose (Kamose's half-brother) who is here considered as his son because he reigned after him in Thebes .*